Ciyaartoyda Roulette ee Caanka ah

Joseph Jagger (1830–1892)

Ganacsade dharka ah oo ka yimid Shelf, oo u dhow Bradford, kaasoo shirkaddiisii Manchester ay fashilantay 1860. Qiyaastii 1880 wuxuu aaday Monte Carlo, wuxuu diiwaangeliyay giraangirada, wuxuuna ku sharadsaday lambarrada soo baxay marar ka badan inta la filayo. Warbixinta ugu horreysa, buugga Victor Bethell ee 1901, waxay sheegtaa inuu ku guuleystay £120,000, ku celiyay £40,000 oo ka mid ah, kana tagay qiyaastii £80,000, ku dhowaad laba milyan oo faran, iyo in kasiinadu marka hore habeen kasta giraangirada miis ilaa miis u wareejisay kadibna dalbatay kuwo cusub oo leh qaybiyeyaal la dhaqaajin karo. Wargeys xilligaas ahi ma soo tebin guusha, waraaqaha kasiinada ee sannadahaasna way lumeen. Taariikh-qoraagiisa Anne Fletcher (2018), oo ah ina-adeerkiis jiilka saddexaad, waxay booqashadii ugu horreysay u qorshaysay 1880 ama 1881, ma aha 1873 ama 1875 ee sheekooyinka hore. Lixda karraani ee la shaqaaleysiiyay waa kuwa Bethell; liiska sagaalka lambar iyo xoqidda la sheego inuu ku sameeyay giraangir waxay markii ugu horreysay soo muuqdeen 1951, waxbana ma taageeraan. Markii uu dhintay 1892 hantidiisu way yarayd. Bogga Joseph Jagger ayaa caddaynta dhex mara.

Joseph Jagger: Istaraatiijiyadda Roulette ee Monte Carlo

Charles Wells (1841–1922)

Khiyaanoole iyo hal-abuure yimid Monte Carlo 1891 isagoo wata lacag loo ururiyay hindise been ah, wuxuuna dhowr jeer jebiyay bangiga dhowr maalmood gudahood, isagoo ku guuleystay qiyaastii £40,000 taxane la yaab leh. Wuxuu sheegtay nidaam aan qaldamin, weligiisna ma sharxin. Wuxuu noqday “The Man Who Broke the Bank at Monte Carlo” hees masrax ah, qayb ka mid ah lacagta wuu ku celiyay jiilaalkaas, wuxuuna noloshiisa intii ka dhiman badankeed ku qaatay xabsi khiyaano dartiis. Nidaamkiisu wuxuu doono ha ahaado, natiijadiisu waxay ahayd nasiib.

Ninkii Jebiyay Bangiga

Hibbs iyo Walford (1947)

1947 laba arday oo University of Chicago ah, Albert Hibbs, oo dhammaynayay shahaadada master-ka xisaabta, iyo Roy Walford, arday caafimaad, waxay fasax ku qaateen Reno iyagoo diiwaangelinaya wareegyada. Waxay raadinayeen giraangiro lambarro qaarkood ay ka soo baxaan in ka badan inta 1 ka mid ah 38 oggolaato, waxay heleen qaar, ku sharadsadeen, kadibna u guureen Las Vegas. Majaladda Life ayaa sheekada ka warrantay December 1947 cinwaanka “How to Win $6,500”; warbixinnada dambe, oo ay ku jirto tii Hibbs laftiisa, waxay bixiyaan wadar ka badan, Thorp-na, oo wax qoray 1998, wuxuu u qorshaysay 1949–50. Lacagtu waxay bixisay doon shiraac ah oo 40 cagood ah iyo in ka badan sanad Caribbean. Hibbs wuxuu u gudbay Jet Propulsion Laboratory, halkaas oo uu noqday codkeeda dadweyne ee ugu caansan, Walford-na wuxuu noqday cilmi-baare gabowga. Tooda waa guushii ugu horreysay ee Mareykan ah ee si fiican loo diiwaangeliyay oo ka timid eexda giraangirta, waana tii Thorp maskaxda ku hayay 1955 markii uu go'aansaday in giraangirada si fiican loo sameeyay ay tahay in fiisigis looga adkaado.

Norman Leigh (1966)

Xagaagii 1966 Norman Leigh, Ingiriis qoray in aabbihii roulette ku burburay, wuxuu koox laba iyo toban ah u kaxeeyay Casino Municipal ee Nice. Sida uu laftiisu sheegay waxay ku ciyaareen LabouchèreistaraatiijiLabouchèreNidaam tirtiris: qor saf lambarro ah, sharadso wadarta labada daraf, ka tirtir guul kadib, ku dar sharadkii lumay khasaare kadib.Akhri dhammaan → rogan dhammaan lixda fursadood ee lacag isle'eg ah laba miis, si weyn ayay ugu guuleysteen dhowr habeen, waxaana la joojiyay markii kasiinadu xirtay miisaska oo ka mamnuucday kasiinooyinka Faransiiska. Buuggiisa, Thirteen Against the Bank (1976), waa markhaatiga kaliya ee buuxa, xisaabtiisana lama hubin karo. Nidaamku ma sharxi karo: Labouchère rogan wuxuu ku kacaa 1.35% wadarta sharadyadalacagWadarta sharadyadaWadarta lacagta la sharadsaday fadhi ama muddo, oo lagu tiriyo guulaha dib loo sharadsaday. Sidoo kale: handle, action.Akhri dhammaan → marka La PartagexeerLa partageXeer Faransiis ah: marka eberku soo baxo, kala badh sharad lacag isle'eg ah ayaa la soo celiyaa. Wuxuu faa'iidada kasiinada sharadyadaas u dhimaa 1.35%.Akhri dhammaan → jiro, wuxuuna ku guuleystaa oo keliya fadhiga dhifka ah ee saf uu gaaro ugu badnaan (eeg Istaraatiijiyadda Labouchère ee Roulette). Laba iyo toban ciyaartoy oo lix fursadood ku ciyaara dhowr habeen waxay ciyaaraan fadhiyo badan, qaarkood waxay qasab ahayd inay noqdaan guulo waaweyn, kasiinada oo xirtay ciyaartana waxay ka hortagtay in nasiibku isu dheellitirmo.

Khuraafaad: Istaraatiiji Roulette oo Had Iyo Jeer GuuleysataIstaraatiijiyadda Labouchère ee Roulette

Thorp iyo Shannon (1961)

Edward Thorp, oo markii dambe blackjack kaga adkaaday tirinta kaararka, iyo Claude Shannon, aasaasaha aragtida macluumaadka, waxay dhiseen kombiyuutarkii ugu horreeyay ee la xidhan karo: qalab cabbirka baakad sigaar ah oo waqtiga u qabtay kubbaddaqalabKubbadKubbadda yar ee lagu tuuro jidka iyada oo ka soo horjeedda rotor-ka. Kubbadaha casriga ah waa ivorine ama Teflon, 18–21 mm.Akhri dhammaan → iyo rotor-kaqalabRotorQaybta wareegta ee giraangirta ee sida godadka.Akhri dhammaan → oo cod u diray dhegaha si uu u magacaabo siddeed meelood meel giraangirta. Wuxuu ku shaqeeyay hoosaadka guriga Shannon giraangir la iibsaday, marmarna Las Vegas, halkaas oo siliggu jabeen, dhegaha-dhegeysiguna muuqday. Sababo wax-qabad dartood ayay u joojiyeen; Thorp wuxuu nidaamka shaaciyay 1966 wuxuuna si buuxda u sharxay 1979 iyo 1984 (eeg Ciyaarta Faa'iido-raadinta ee Roulette).

The Eudaemons (1976–1981)

Koox arday fiisigis ah oo dhammaystiray jaamacadda Santa Cruz ayaa dhisay kombiyuutarro dhijitaal ah oo yaryar oo kasiino lagu xidho: hal ciyaartoy ayaa waqtiga giraangirta ku qabtay furayaal suulka ah, kombiyuutarku wuxuu saadaaliyay qaybgiraangirQaybQaanso isku xiran oo godad ah oo giraangirta ku taal, oo ka duwan koox ku taal shaxda sharadka.Akhri dhammaan →, ciyaartoy labaad ayaa saadaasha ku helay gariir oo ku sharadsaday. 1977 iyo 1978 kombiyuutarka waxaa lagu xiray kilkilka hoostiisa; nooc dambe, oo lagu dhisay kabta hoosteeda, wuxuu aaday Las Vegas November 1981 waxaana ka adkaaday buuqa korontada ee kasiinooyinka. Tijaabooyinkoodu waxay ballanqaadeen faa'iido 44% ah, fadhigoodii ugu horreeyay ee dheeraa ee miis dhab ah wuxuu bixiyay qiyaastii 25%. Qalabku si dhif ah ayuu muddo dheer u shaqeeyay: silig dabacsan, koronto ku dhacday iyo mar gubasho ka timid silig kulaalay ayaa joojiyay fadhiyo badan. Waxay ku guuleysteen dhowr kun oo doollar sharadyo dime iyo quarter ah, waxay ku bixiyeen qiyaastii $15,000 waxayna ka tageen buug wanaagsan. Bogga The Eudaemons ayaa sheekada sheegaya.

The Eudaemons

Richard Jarecki (1931–2018)

Dhakhtar Mareykan ah oo ku dhashay Jarmalka kaasoo, isaga iyo xaaskiisa Carol iyo dhowr caawiye, diiwaangeliyay giraangirada hal-eberkagiraangirEberHal godka cagaaran ee aan daboolin sharad lacag isle'eg ah, dersin ama tiir; isha faa'iidada kasiinada. Sidoo kale: single zero, 0.Akhri dhammaan → ee kasiinooyinka Yurub 1960-meeyadii iyo horraantii 1970-meeyadii, gaar ahaan Sanremo, oo ku sharadsaday lambarrada soo baxay marar ka badan inta la filayo. Sida Carol Jarecki sheegtay hal giraangir waxay qaadan kartay in ka badan 10,000 wareeg iyo ilaa bil. Warbixin geeri oo 2018 ah ayaa sheegtay in sida warbixinno badan sheegaan uu ku guuleystay in ka badan $1.2 milyan; tiradaas weligeed lama hubin. Wuxuu u sheegay wariyeyaasha in kombiyuutar ku yaal University of London uu jebiyay ciyaarta; warbixin geeri oo 2018 ah iyo taariikhyahanka roulette Russell Barnhart waxay ku tilmaameen daboolid loogu talagalay indha-indheyn caadi ah. Sanremo waxay ka codsatay inuu ka fogaado January 1969, waxay ka mamnuucday ciyaartoy xirfad leh ahaan February, maalmo gudahoodna dib ayay u oggolaatay, waxay meelaha ka beddeshay miisaskeeda, ugu dambeyntiina waxay beddeshay ku dhowaad laba dersin oo giraangir. Wuxuu ku laabtay Mareykanka 1973 ama 1974. Warbixinnada xilligaas ayaa faahfaahin dheeraad ah bixiya.

Richard Jarecki: Nidaamka Roulette

Gonzalo García-Pelayo (dhashay 1947)

Soo-saare cajalado iyo agaasime filim oo Isbaanish ah kaasoo, isaga iyo carruurtiisa iyo wiilasha walaalihiis, diiwaangeliyay qiyaastii 5,000 wareeg giraangir kasta Casino Gran Madrid, oo magaalada ka baxsan, laga soo bilaabo dhammaadkii 1991, oo ku sharadsaday godadkaqalabGodMid ka mid ah 37-ka qol ee lambarrada leh ee rotor-ka. Sidoo kale: slot, cup.Akhri dhammaan → hormaray. Sida tirooyinkiisa sheegaan godka ugu fiicani wuxuu ku guuleystay hal mar 28 wareeg kasta, faa'iidaduna waxay ahayd qiyaastii 6%; wuxuu guulaha ku qiyaasay 200 ilaa 250 milyan oo peseta dhowr kasiino. Kasiinadu waxay mamnuucday qoyska, dowladdu waxay buriysay mamnuucidda, rafcaannada kasiinaduna way fashilmeen, kii ugu dambeeyay Maxkamadda Sare June 2004. Maxkamaddu waxay sheegtay in ciyaartoydu adeegsadeen caqli-gal iyo kombiyuutar wax kale ma ahayn, iyo in jawaabta sharciga ah ee kasiino ay tahay inay giraangiradeeda wareejiso, qaybahooda beddesho ama si ka wanaagsan u dhisto. Bogga Gonzalo García-Pelayo ayaa si buuxda u sheegaya.

Gonzalo García-Pelayo: Nidaamka RouletteRoulette ee Yurub

Saddexda Ritz (2004)

Saddex ciyaartoy, laba nin iyo haweeney ka yimid Yugoslavia hore iyo Hungary, ayaa ku guuleystay qiyaastii £1.3 milyan laba habeen March 2004 Ritz Club ee London, iyagoo goor dambe ku sharadsanaya kooxo yaryar oo lambarro deris ah. Wargeysyadu waxay sheegeen iskaanar laser ah oo taleefan ku qarsoon; qalab noocaas ah weligiis lama soo bandhigin. Waa la xiray oo la sii daayay, December 2004-na booliisku wuu tuuray kiiska wuuna celiyay lacagta, sababtoo ah sharcigii hore ee khiyaanada kama gaarin wixii ay sameeyeen. Warbixinta Bloomberg ee 2023 ee hoggaamiyaha, Croatian loo yaqaan Niko Tosa, waxay ku tilmaantay saadaal il ah oo giraangir wax yar u janjeerta, ma aha qalab. Gambling Act 2005 wuxuu dembigii hore ku beddelay mid ballaaran oo khiyaano ah, oo dhaqan galay 2007; in uu daboolayo saadaasha ilaha weligeed maxkamad laguma tijaabin. Waxay ahayd guushii ugu dambeysay ee weyn ee dadweyne ee roulette lagaga adkaado saadaal.

Waxa ay wadaagaan ciyaartoyda roulette ee guuleystay

Guuleyste kasta oo la diiwaangeliyay ama wuu cabbiray giraangirta (Jagger, Hibbs iyo Walford, Jarecki, García-Pelayo) ama wuu saadaaliyay kubbadda (Thorp, Eudaemons, kooxda Ritz). Midkoodna kuma guuleysan qaab sharad, ciyaartoyga nidaamka ee kaliya ee caanka ah, Wells, qayb ka mid ah ayuu ku celiyay bilo gudahood wuxuuna ku dhammaaday xabsi. Hab kasta oo ay adeegsadeen ugu dambeyntii waa la xiray iyadoo kasiinooyinku beddeleen giraangirta, xeerarka ama sharciga. Bogagga Shaybaarka ayaa sharxaya hababka; boggan wuxuu sharxayaa sababta aad u maqashay dad aad u yar.

Su'aalo