Roulette-ka Monte Carlo
Kasiinadii amiirnimo yar u beddeshay hoyga giraangirta hal-eberka.
Waxaa la furay 1863 iyadoo uu hoggaaminayo François Blanc, Casino de Monte-Carlo waxay giraangirta Yurub ka dhigtay heerka qaaradda waxayna roulette siisay sheekooyinkeeda ugu caansan, laga soo bilaabo giraangirta eexda leh ee Jagger ilaa 26-kii madow ee 1913.
Maxay Monaco u ahayd
1850-meeyadii Monaco waxay ahayd dhagax musalaftay oo leh amiir, qasri iyo warshad la'aan. Khamaarka waxaa laga mamnuucayay dowladaha Jarmalka, halkaas oo kasiinooyinka magaalooyinka biyaha kulul ay ku barwaaqoobeen. Amiir Charles III wuxuu bixiyay ruqsad kasiino 1856; isku daygii ugu horreeyay way fashilmeen tareen iyo waddo la'aan. François Blanc, oo caan ka dhigay Bad Homburg, wuxuu iibsaday ruqsadda 1863, wuxuu dhisay Société des Bains de Mer, wuxuu u ololeeyay tareenka ka imanaya Nice, wuxuuna xaafadda cusub ugu magac daray Monte Carlo amiirka. Kasiinadu si buuxda ayay dowladda u maalgelisay oo canshuurta dakhliga waxaa la baabi'iyay 1869 weligeedna kuma soo laaban.
Hal-eberka oo siyaasad ah
Blanc wuxuu giraangirta hal-eberkagiraangirEberHal godka cagaaran ee aan daboolin sharad lacag isle'eg ah, dersin ama tiir; isha faa'iidada kasiinada. Sidoo kale: single zero, 0.Akhri dhammaan → ka keenay Homburg. Monte Carlo ma ahayn xeelad tartan ee waxay ahayd heerka: miis kasta, maalin kasta. Ciyaartoy Yurub oo dhan ka yimid waxay barteen ciyaarta roulette ee Monte Carlo ee 2.70% waxayna ka filayeen meelo kale, taasina waa sababta laba-eberkunoocLaba-eberGodka 00 ee giraangirta Mareykanka. Joogitaankiisu wuxuu faa'iidada kasiinada ka kor qaadaa 2.70% ilaa 5.26%.Akhri dhammaan → uga jiro oo keliya meelaha aan Monte Carlo weligeed caadada ka dejin.
Ruqsaddii ugu horreysay ee kasiino Monaco. Way fashilantay: waddo ma jirto, tareen ma jiro, ciyaartoy yar.
François Blanc ayaa la wareegay. Société des Bains de Mer waa la aasaasay.
Tareenka Nice waa la furay. Booqdayaal tareenno buuxa ayaa yimaada.
Canshuurta dakhliga waa laga baabi'iyay Monaco.
Joseph Jagger wuxuu giraangirada ka helay janjeer wuxuuna ku guuleystay hanti; kasiinadu waxay meelaha ka beddeshay giraangirada, kadibna way beddeshay.
Charles Wells wuxuu “jebiyay bangiga” dhowr jeer dhowr maalmood gudahood, nasiib iyo nidaam uusan weligiis sharxin.
26 madow oo isku xiga. Khaladka khamaarlaha wuxuu helay magaciisa kale.
Casino de Monte-Carlo waxay lumisay keli-haysigeedii khamaarka Riviera markii kasiinooyinka Faransiisku dib u furmeen.
Jebinta bangiga
Miis kasta oo roulette ah oo Monte Carlo ah wuxuu lahaa kayd lacageed, “bangiga”. Markii ciyaartoy ku guuleysto wax ka badan kaydka, miiska waxaa lagu dabooli jiray maro madowsharadMadowSharad lacag isle'eg ah oo ku saabsan 18-ka lambar ee madow. Faransiis: noir.Akhri dhammaan → ah inta lacag kale la keenayo: bangiga waa la “jebiyay”. Si joogto ah ayay u dhici jirtay waxayna ahayd xayeysiin aad u wanaagsan; macnaheedu ma ahayn in kasiinadu guud ahaan lacag lumisay, ee kaliya in lacagta hal miis ay dhammaatay. Charles Wells wuxuu sidaas sameeyay dhowr jeer 1891 taxane cajiib ah, wuxuu noqday hees masrax, qayb ka mid ahna wuu ku celiyay jiilaalkaas.
Sheekooyinka
Giraangirta eexda lehshaybaarGiraangir eex lehGiraangir ay cilladaheeda jireed ka dhigaan godad qaarkood kuwo ka itimaal badan 1/37. Waa dhif, waxaana lagu ogaan karaa oo keliya kumanaan wareeg oo la diiwaangeliyay.Akhri dhammaan → ee Joseph Jagger (qiyaastii 1880), Wells (1891) iyo 26-ka madow (1913) dhammaantood halkan ayay ka dhaceen, mid kastaana bog u gaar ah ayuu leeyahay. Waaxda xayeysiinta kasiinada, oo waqtigeeda ka horraysay, waxay hubisay in mid kasta lagu soo tebiyo wargeysyada London. Halyeeyga meel hanti lagu guuleysto wuxuu iibiyay tigidhada tareenka ka badan warbixin kasta oo daacad ah oo ku saabsan 2.70%.
Ciyaarta roulette ee Monte Carlo maanta
Kasiinadu weli way shaqeysaa, roulette-na weli waa xarunta qolka weyn, iyadoo leh giraangiro hal-eber ah iyo xeerarka Faransiiska (La PartagexeerLa partageXeer Faransiis ah: marka eberku soo baxo, kala badh sharad lacag isle'eg ah ayaa la soo celiyaa. Wuxuu faa'iidada kasiinada sharadyadaas u dhimaa 1.35%.Akhri dhammaan → ama En PrisonxeerEn prisonXeer Faransiis ah: marka eberku soo baxo, sharad lacag isle'eg ah waxaa loo hayaa wareegga xiga halkii uu lumi lahaa. Wuxuu kala badh u dhimaa faa'iidada kasiinada sharadyadaas.Akhri dhammaan → sharadka lacag isle'eg ah). Société des Bains de Mer weli waa shirkadda ugu weyn ee amiirnimada. Habka Monte Carlo ee xisaabta, oo Ulam iyo von Neumann u magacaabeen 1940-meeyadii kasiinada dartiis, waa waxa awood siiya jilayaasha goobtan.
Su'aalo
Maya. Waa laga mamnuucay tan iyo qarnigii 19-aad; kasiinadu waxay u ahayd booqdayaasha.
Si joogto ah ayaa looga soo sheegaa warbixinnada dambe; diiwaannada kasiinada ee xilligaas looma bandhigin dadweynaha. ItimaalkuxisaabItimaalFursadda natiijo, 0 ilaa 1 ama 0% ilaa 100%. Hal lambar: 1/37 = 2.70%.Akhri dhammaan → wuu ku habboon yahay inay meel ka dhacday konton sano oo ciyaar ah.
Adeerka Stanislaw Ulam ayaa halkaas ku khamaari jiray; magacu wuxuu ahaa erey sir ah oo loogu yeero muunad nasiib ah Mashruuca Manhattan.
Kaftan yar
Bangiga marar badan ayaa la jebiyay. Kasiinadu weligeed shaki ma gelin.
Ilaha
- Schwartz, D. G. Roll the Bones: The History of Gambling.
- Barnhart, R. T. Beating the Wheel.
- Kavanagh, T. M. Dice, Cards, Wheels: A Different History of French Culture.