Gunnooyinka, Dallacaadaha iyo Lacag-celinta Roulette
Gunnooyinka roulette sida kuubannada matchplay, chips aadan lacag u beddeli karin iyo lacag-celinta khasaaraha waxay lacag yar ka wareejiyaan kasiinada una wareejiyaan ciyaartoyga. Marka si sax ah loo qiimeeyo, qaarkood waxay qiimo ahaan ka badan yihiin inta giraangirtu qaadato.
Kuuban labanlaaba lacag-bixinta sharad lacag isle'eg ah wuxuu u qiimo leeyahay qiyaastii 46% sharadka giraangir Yurub ah. Chip dallacaad oo hal mar la isticmaalo wuxuu u qiimo leeyahay (36 − n)/37 qiimihiisa wejiga sharad daboola n lambar: 95% hal lambar, 49% casaanka. Lacag-celin kala bar khasaarahaaga saafiga ah waxay fadhi gaaban oo casaan ah ka dhigtaa mid mudan in la ciyaaro. Waxyaalahan midna ma beddelo giraangirta; wuxuu beddelaa cidda bixisa.
Sababta dallacaad u garaaci karto faa'iidada kasiinada
Faa'iidada kasiinaduxisaabFaa'iidada kasiinadaQaybta sharad kasta ee kasiinadu celcelis ahaan hayso: 2.70% roulette Yurub.Akhri dhammaan → waa qiime unuglacagUnugSharadka saldhigga ah ee nidaam ama ciyaartoy ku shaqeeyo. Kordhinnada waxaa lagu sharxaa unugyo si ay ugu shaqeeyaan miis kasta.Akhri dhammaan → kasta oo la sharadsado: 2.70% giraangir Yurub ah. Gunno roulette ah waxay lacag ku dartaa hal dhinac oo sharad ah, haddii ay ku darto wax ka badan 2.70% sharadka, sharadkaasi waa togan inta dallacaaddu socoto. Kasiinooyinku si kastaba way bixiyaan sababtoo ah way xaddidan yihiin: hal kuuban booqasho kasta, chipslacagChipCalaamad u taagan qadar go'an, oo la dul dhigo shaxda sharadka si sharad loo sameeyo. Sidoo kale: check.Akhri dhammaan → lagu sharadsan karo laakiin aan lacag loo beddeli karin, lacag-celin kaliya ciyaartoyda khasaara lacag badan. Xisaabtu waa sida meel kasta oo kale ee goobtan: fursad lagu dhuftay lacag-bixinlacagLacag-bixinWaxa sharad guuleystay soo celiyo, oo lagu sheego “X ilaa 1” oo lagu daro sharadka la soo celiyay.Akhri dhammaan →, lagu wada daray natiijooyinka.
Kuubannada matchplay
Kuuban matchplay wuxuu fadhiyaa sharad lacag caddaan ah agtiisa wuxuuna labanlaabaa waxa sharadku bixiyo haddii uu guulaysto; guul iyo khasaare, kasiinadu waxay haysaa kuubanka. Bollman (2024) wuxuu qiimeeyay kuuban Las Vegas ah oo 2022 ahaa oo la mid noqday ilaa $50 sharad lacag isle'eg ahsharadSharad lacag isle'eg ahCasaan/madow, kisi/dhaban, sare/hoose. 18 lambar, wuxuu bixiyaa 1:1.Akhri dhammaan →. Giraangir Yurub ah, $50 casaankasharadCasaanSharad lacag isle'eg ah oo ku saabsan 18-ka lambar ee casaanka ah. Faransiis: rouge.Akhri dhammaan → oo kuubanka leh wuxuu ku guulaystaa $100 fursad 18/37 ah wuxuuna khasaaraa $50 fursad 19/37 ah: +$22.97 la filayo, ama 45.9% sharadka. Giraangir Mareykan ah waa +$21.05, 42.1%. Hal lambarsharadHal lambarHal lambar oo keliya, wuxuu bixiyaa 35:1.Akhri dhammaan → isla kuubanku wuxuu qiimo ahaan noqon lahaa laba jeer, taasina waa sababta kuubannada loogu xaddido sharadyada lacag isle'eg ah.
Chips aadan lacag u beddeli karin
Chips-ka dallacaadda, oo sidoo kale loo yaqaan chips aan la gorgortami karin (non-negotiable), waa lagu sharadsan karaa laakiin lacag looma beddeli karo. Xeerka caadiga ahi waa hal isticmaal: sharad guulaysta waxaa lagu bixiyaa chips caadi ah, chip-ka dallacaaddana waa la qaataa; mid khasaarana sidoo kale waa la qaataa. Chip $100 ah oo sharad daboola n lambar wuxuu ku guulaystaa (36 − n)/n × $100 fursad n/37 ah, sidaas darteed wuxuu u qiimo leeyahay (36 − n)/37 qiimihiisa wejiga. Qiimaha chip-ka laftiisa weligiis dib uma soo noqdo, kaliya guulaha, sharad dhif ku guulaysta laakiin wax badan bixiyaa sidaas ayuu ugu yar khasaaraa: $94.59 hal lambar, $48.65 casaanka. Halka chip-ku ku sii joogi karo shaxda sharadkaqalabShaxda sharadkaShaxda sharadka ee daabacan ee miiska. Sidoo kale: table, felt, cloth.Akhri dhammaan → ilaa uu khasaaro, sharad lacag isle'eg ah wuxuu u qiimo leeyahay 18/19 qiimihiisa wejiga giraangir Yurub ah iyo 9/10 mid Mareykan ah (Bollman, 2024).
U beddelidda chips-ka lacag caddaan ah
Qiimuhu waa celcelis; ciyaartoy doonaya lacagta si hubaal ah wuxuu ku iibsan karaa kaydin (hedge). Tusaalaha Bollman wuxuu ka yimid kasiinadii hore ee Vegas World: $1,000 chips hal mar ah oo giraangir Mareykan ah, $500 casaanka iyo $500 madowgasharadMadowSharad lacag isle'eg ah oo ku saabsan 18-ka lambar ee madow. Faransiis: noir.Akhri dhammaan →, iyo $20 lacag caddaan ah mid kasta oo 0 iyo 00 ah. Casaan ama madow wuxuu ku guulaystaa $500 wuxuuna khasaaraa $40-ka lacagta caddaanka ah: +$460. EbergiraangirEberHal godka cagaaran ee aan daboolin sharad lacag isle'eg ah, dersin ama tiir; isha faa'iidada kasiinada. Sidoo kale: single zero, 0.Akhri dhammaan → wuxuu khasaaraa labada chip wuxuuna bixiyaa $700 lacagta caddaanka ah: +$680. Ciyaartoygu wuxuu kaydsadaa ugu yaraan $460, celceliskuna, $471.58, waa 99.6% inta chips-ku u qiimo leeyihiin casaanka keligiis. Halka xeerarku oggol yihiin chips hal lambar ah, giraangir Yurub ah waxay bixisaa kaydin ka fiican: chips $25 ah dhammaan 36-ka lambar ($900) iyo $25 lacag caddaan ah eberka. Lambar kasta oo soo baxa wuxuu bixiyaa $875, lacagta caddaanka ah ee eberkuna way lumaysaa ilaa eberka laftiisu soo baxo mooyee, sidaas darteed ciyaartoygu wuxuu haystaa ugu yaraan $850, 94% qiimaha wejiga chips-ka, khatar la'aan gabi ahaanba.
Lacag-celinta khasaaraha
Ciyaartoyda sharadyada waaweyn inta badan waxaa loo bandhigaa lacag-celin (rebate): qayb khasaarahooda saafiga ah oo dib loogu celiyo dhammaadka fadhi la isku raacay. Lacag-celintu waxay bixisaa kaliya marka aad khasaarto, sidaas darteed qiimaheeda ugu badan waa marka natiijooyinku si ballaaran u ruxmaan oo fadhigu ku filan yahay gaabnaan si faa'iidada kasiinadu aysan weli u xukumin. Epstein (2013) wuxuu xisaabiyaa kiiska giraangir Mareykan ah; tirooyinkayaga giraangir Yurub ah ayaa soo socda. Iyadoo kala bar khasaaraha saafiga ah la celiyo, sharad joogto ah oo lacag isle'eg ah wuxuu mudan yahay in la ciyaaro ilaa 103 wareeg wuxuuna ugu fiican yahay 25, oo qiimihiisu yahay +0.51 sharad celcelis ahaan. Hal lambar ruxruxyadu aad bay u waaweyn yihiin oo fadhigu wuxuu ahaanayaa togan qiyaastii 3,600 wareeg wuxuuna ugu fiican yahay 882, oo qiimihiisu yahay +17.25 sharad. Lacag-celin caadi ah oo 10% ah, lacag isle'eg waa togan kaliya hal wareeg, halka hal lambar uu ugu fiican yahay 20 wareeg, oo qiimihiisu yahay +0.62 sharad.
Xeerarka dallacaadda roulette: waxa kasiinadu ku tiirsan tahay
Dallacaad kastaa waxay leedahay xad, xadkuna wuxuu ilaaliyaa kasiinada: hal kuuban booqasho kasta, chips lagu bixiyo qadar go'an, lacag-celin lagu heshiiyo oo keliya ciyaartoyda khasaarahooda la filayo ee safar uu aad uga weyn yahay lacag-celinta. Ciyaartoy isticmaala kuubanka kadibna joogsada habeen sharadyo $50 ah oo casaan ah wuxuu dib u celiyaa $22.97 17 wareeg gudahood, $1.35 wareeggii. Qiimuhu waa dhab ciyaartoyga qaata oo taga, ama kii si kastaba u ciyaari lahaa intaas.
Qaacido
Su'aalo
Hal sharadka uu la socdo, haa. Sharad kasta oo kale weli wuxuu ku kacaa 2.70% sharadka.
Ciyaartoy yar ayaa ka fekera, chips-ku way xaddidan yihiin, kasiinaduna horay ayay dallacaadda ugu qiimaysay xayeysiis ahaan.
Dhif. Waa shuruud high-roller, inta badan lagu heshiiyo martigeliyaha kasiinada (casino host) laguna bixiyo khasaaraha saafiga ah ee safar.
Madadaalo Xisaabeed
Marka hore adigu isku day. Xal kasta waa qarsoon yahay; fur marka aad diyaar u tahay.
Waxaa lagu siiyay chiplacagChipCalaamad u taagan qadar go'an, oo la dul dhigo shaxda sharadka si sharad loo sameeyo. Sidoo kale: check.Akhri dhammaan → dhiirrigelin ah oo $25 ah oo laga qaado hal sharad kadib, guul iyo khasaare. Xaggee ayuu aadayaa: casaansharadCasaanSharad lacag isle'eg ah oo ku saabsan 18-ka lambar ee casaanka ah. Faransiis: rouge.Akhri dhammaan →, dersinsharadDersin1–12, 13–24 ama 25–36, wuxuu bixiyaa 2:1.Akhri dhammaan → mise hal lambar?
Muuji xalka
Jawaab Hal lambar. Halkaas wuxuu u qiimeysan yahay $23.65 celcelis ahaan; dersin $16.22, casaanna $12.16.
Chip-ka laftiisa weligiis dib uma soo noqdo, waxa uu helo oo keliya ayaa soo noqda. Casaan wuxuu helaa $25 fursad 18/37 ah: $12.16. Dersin wuxuu helaa $50 fursad 12/37 ah: $16.22. Hal lambar wuxuu helaa $875 fursad 1/37 ah: $23.65.
Guud ahaan sharad n lambar ah wuxuu u qiimeysan yahay (36 − n)/37 chip-ka, sidaa darteed inta lambarradu yaraadaan, ayuu ka fiicnaanayaa. Chip caadi ah taasi farqi ma samayso, sababtoo ah sharadku wuxuu la soo noqdaa guul kasta, sharad kastaana wuxuu u qiimeysan yahay 36/37 isaga. Ka qaadista sharadka waxay dhibaysaa sharadyada inta badan guulaysta, wax yarna uma geysato sharadka guulaysta hal mar 37-kii.
Kasiino ayaa kuu celin doonta kala badh khasaarahaaga saafiga ah si sax ah hal wareeg kadib. Ma mudan tahay in la ciyaaro $100 casaan ah? Oo $100 hal lambar ah?
Muuji xalka
Jawaab Labaduba waa: qiyaastii +$22.97 casaanka iyo +$45.95 lambarka.
Casaan waxaad helaysaa $100 fursad 18/37 ah, celinta kadibna waxaad lumisaa $50 fursad 19/37 ah: (1,800 − 950)/37 = +$22.97.
Hal lambar waxaad helaysaa $3,500 fursad 1/37 ah waxaadna lumisaa $50 fursad 36/37 ah: (3,500 − 1,800)/37 = +$45.95.
Kuwani waa tirooyinka matchplay mar kale. Sharad $100 ah oo lumiya $50 oo keliya wuxuu helaa $100 ama lumiyaa $50, si sax ah sida sharad $50 ah oo leh kuuban labanlaaba guushiisa. Fadhi ka dheer, celinta waxaa lagu bixiyaa natiijada saafiga ah oo keliya, guulaha iyo khasaarayaashu way is baabi'iyaan ka hor inta aan la bixin, qiimuhuna wuu yaraadaa; casaanka oo kala badh la celiyo, 25 wareeg ayaa ah dhererka ugu fiican.
Kasiinadu waxay kuu celin doontaa kala badh khasaarahaaga saafiga ah tiro go'an oo sharadyo $100 ah oo casaan ah kadib, oo hore loo doortay: 1, 2 ama 3 wareeg. Kee ayaa ugu qiimo badan?
Muuji xalka
Jawaab Saddex wareeg: qiyaastii +$31.45. Hal wareeg wuxuu u qiimeysan yahay +$22.97, labana +$20.96 oo keliya.
Hal wareeg: hel $100 fursad 18/37 ah, ama lumi $100 oo dib u hel $50 fursad 19/37 ah: +$22.97, sida laylisyada kore.
Laba wareeg: labaduba way guulaystaan (324 jeer 1,369-kii), +$200. Mid kastaa mid (684 jeer), $0, oo wax la celiyo ma jiraan. Labaduba way lumaan (361 jeer), −$200, −$100 celinta kadib. Celcelis: (200 × 324 − 100 × 361)/1,369 = +$20.96. Celintu waxay bixisaa khasaare oo keliya, laba wareegna waxay khasaarayaal badan oo hal wareeg ah u beddelaan barbarro.
Saddex wareeg weligood barbarro ma noqon karaan. Saddex guul (5,832 jeer 50,653-kii): +$300. Laba guul (18,468): +$100. Hal guul (19,494): −$100, celinta kadib −$50. Midna (6,859): −$300, celinta kadib −$150. Celcelis: +$31.45.
Celintu waxay qiimo badnaataa inta aad dheer u ballanqaado, halka faa'iidada kasiinadu ku kacdo $2.70 oo keliya wareeggiiba, sidaa darteed qiimuhu wuxuu kor u kacaa qiyaastii +$51 25 wareeg (eeg shaxda kore), tiro wareegyo kisi ahina had iyo jeer waxay ka fiicnaataa tirada dhabanka ah ee ka dambaysa.
Kasiino Las Vegas ah ayaa mar qaybisay kuuban: sharadso $5 00 haddii uu guulaystana waxaa lagu siinayaa $250 halkii $175-ka caadiga ah. Intee ayuu u qiimeysan yahay sharadka $5 ah ee kuubanka leh, qayb ahaan sharadka, giraangirteeda laba-ebergiraangirEberHal godka cagaaran ee aan daboolin sharad lacag isle'eg ah, dersin ama tiir; isha faa'iidada kasiinada. Sidoo kale: single zero, 0.Akhri dhammaan → leh?
Muuji xalka
Jawaab Qiyaastii +34%: sharadku wuxuu u qiimeysan yahay +$1.71 celcelis ahaan. Haddii $250-ku ku jiro $5-ka la celiyay, waa +31.6%.
00 wuxuu guulaystaa hal mar 38-kii wareeg. Kuubanka: +$250 hal mar, −$5 37-ka jeer ee kale. Celcelis: (250 − 37 × 5)/38 = 65/38 = +$1.71, taas oo ah 34.2% $5. Kuuban la'aan: (175 − 185)/38 = −$0.26, −5.26%-ka caadiga ah.
Haddii $250 ay tahay wadarta la soo celiyo, guushu waa $245 celceliskuna waa (245 − 185)/38 = +$1.58, ama 31.6%.
Bollman (2024) kuubankan, oo ka yimid kasiinada Lady Luck (hadda Downtown Grand), wuxuu u dhigaa layli; jawaabta lala daabacay, 7.89%, kuma habboona mid ka mid ah labada akhris. Sida kuubanka matchplay, wuxuu qiimo leeyahay hal mar: ciyaar oo jooji.
Kaftan yar
Dallacaaddu qiimaheeda ugu badan waxay u leedahay ciyaartoyga qaata oo guriga aada.
Ilaha
- Bollman, M. Basic Gambling Mathematics: The Numbers Behind the Neon, 2nd ed.
- Epstein, R. A. The Theory of Gambling and Statistical Logic, 2nd ed.