Taariikhda Roulette
Taariikhda roulette waxay soo martaa tijaabo fiisigis oo fashilantay, qol ciyaareed oo Paris ku yaal, laba walaalo ah oo ku sugan magaalo biyo kulul oo Jarmal ah, iyo kasiinadii ka dhigtay hal god oo cagaaran heerka Yurub.
Giraangirta ka hor
- 1654
Pascal iyo Fermat: dhibaatada dhibcaha; qiimaha la filayo.
Qiimaha La Filayo ee Roulette - 1655Giraangir aan ujeeddo lahayn
Blaise Pascal, oo raadinayay mashiin dhaqdhaqaaq joogto ah, wuxuu dhisay giraangir wareegta oo si fiican u dheelitiran. Mashiinku wuu fashilmay; giraangirtu waxay u hartay qalab ku dhow mid aan xoqasho lahayn oo u muuqda nasiib.
Blaise Pascal: Sheekada Giraangirta Roulette - 1657
Huygens wuxuu daabacay qoraalkii ugu horreeyay ee filashada.
- 1713
Jakob Bernoulli, Ars Conjectandi: sharciga tirooyinka waaweyn.
Isku-soo-dhowaanshaha Muddada Dheer: Sharciga Tirooyinka Waaweyn ee Roulette - 1740-meeyadiiRoly-poly iyo E.O.
Guryaha ciyaaraha ee Ingiriiska waxay wareejiyaan giraangiro leh godad dhaban iyo kisi ah. Ciyaarahan marar badan ayaa la mamnuucay, taasoo noocyo kale u riixday dhulka weyn ee Yurub.
Yaa Hindisay Roulette? Asalka Roulette - 1754
d’Alembert wuxuu daabacay khaladkii markii dambe loogu magac daray nidaam ahaan.
Istaraatiijiyadda D'Alembert ee Roulette - 1758
New France (Quebec) waxay mamnuucday laadhuuda, hoca, faro iyo “roulette”: mid ka mid ah diiwaannada ugu horreeya ee magaca ciyaar khamaar ah.
- 1760-meeyadii
“Martingale” waxay gashay qaamuusyada Faransiiska iyadoo ah erey suuqeed khamaar.
Istaraatiijiyadda Martingale ee Roulette
Ciyaarta
- 1796Paris, Palais-Royal
Sheeko-faneedka Jaques Lablée ee La Roulette wuxuu sharxaa giraangir leh laba god oo kasiinada ah, 0 iyo 00, oo ku taal guri ciyaareed oo Palais-Royal ah. Kani waa sharraxaadda buuxda ee ugu horreysa ee ciyaarta casriga ah.
Roulette Suugaanta - 1800-meeyadii
Giraangirada Mareykanku waxay ku daraan god gorgor: saddex lambar oo kasiinada ah.
Giraangirta iyo Xeerarka Roulette Mareykan - 1837
Faransiisku wuxuu mamnuucay kasiinooyinka; ciyaartu waxay u guurtay magaalooyinka biyaha kulul ee Jarmalka.
- 1841
Walaalaha Blanc waxay qaateen ruqsadda Bad Homburg.
François Blanc - 1843Bad Homburg
François iyo Louis Blanc waxay kasiino ka furaan magaalada biyaha kulul ee Jarmalka waxayna ka saaraan laba-eberka. Giraangirta hal-eberka ahi waxay kala badh ka dhigtaa faa'iidada kasiinada waxayna ciyaartoyda ka soo jiidataa goobaha tartamaya.
Bad Homburg iyo Kasiinooyinka Magaalooyinka Biyaha Kulul - 1863Monte Carlo
Markii khamaarka laga mamnuucay Jarmalka oo dhan, Blanc wuxuu la wareegay kasiinadii ku dhibaataysnayd Monaco. Monte Carlo waxay noqotaa tixraaca Roulette Yurub; eberka keliya waa heerkeeda.
Roulette-ka Monte Carlo - 1866
Dostoevsky, The Gambler.
Roulettenburg-ka Dostoevsky - 1868
Tareen ka socda Nice ilaa Monte Carlo.
Casino de Monte-Carlo - 1869
Monaco waxay baabi'isay canshuurta dakhliga.
- 1872
Prussia waxay xirtay kasiinooyinka Jarmalka.
Ciyaartoy iyo tijaabooyin
- 1870-meeyadii
Labouchère wuxuu London ku faafiyay nidaamka tirtiridda.
Istaraatiijiyadda Labouchère ee Roulette - qiyaastii 1880Giraangirta Jagger
Joseph Jagger, ganacsade dhar oo ka yimid Yorkshire, wuxuu diiwaangeliyay giraangirada Monte Carlo wuxuuna sharad saaray lambarrada inta badan soo baxa. Wuxuu ku guuleystay hanti badan; kasiinadu waxay kala wareejisay giraangiradeeda, kadibna way beddeshay.
Joseph Jagger: Istaraatiijiyadda Roulette ee Monte Carlo - 1891Ninkii jebiyay bangiga
Charles Wells wuxuu miis ka dhammeeyay chips-ka dhowr jeer dhowr maalmood gudahood, taasoo dhalisay heesta music-hall-ka. Baarisyadu ma helin nidaam, kaliya nasiib iyo, mar dambe, khiyaano meel kale ah.
Ninkii Jebiyay Bangiga - 1900
Pearson wuxuu daabacay imtixaanka chi-square isagoo adeegsanaya xogta wareegyada Monte Carlo.
Imtixaanka Chi-Square - 1907
Faransiisku wuxuu mar kale sharciyeeyay kasiinooyinka magaalooyinka biyaha kulul iyo xeebaha.
- 1913
26 madow oo isku xiga Monte Carlo.
Khaladka Khamaarlaha - 1931
Nevada waxay sharciyeysay khamaarka kasiinada.
Giraangirada Roulette ee Las Vegas - 1940-meeyadii
Ulam iyo von Neumann waxay magacaabeen habka Monte Carlo.
- 1953
Fleming, Casino Royale: Bond wuxuu roulette-ka ku sharadsaday laba dersin.
Istaraatiijiyadda James Bond ee Roulette - 1961
Thorp iyo Shannon waxay dhiseen kombiyuutarkii roulette ee ugu horreeyay ee la xidhan karo.
Kombiyuutarrada Roulette - 1965
Dubins iyo Savage waxay caddeeyeen in ciyaarta geesinimadu ay tahay tan ugu wanaagsan ciyaaraha aan caddaaladda ahayn.
- 1969
Sahanka Thorp wuxuu sharxay sababta aan nidaam sharad ahi uga adkaan karin ciyaar qiimaheeda la filayo taban yahay.
Khuraafaad: Istaraatiiji Roulette oo Had Iyo Jeer Guuleysata - 1977–81
Kombiyuutarrada qarsoon ee The Eudaemons ee Nevada: kilkilka hoostiisa 1978, kabta gudaheeda 1981.
The Eudaemons - 1985
Nevada waxay dembi ka dhigtay qalabka saadaasha. Bass wuxuu daabacay The Eudaemonic Pie.
Khiyaanada Roulette
Ciyaarta casriga ah
- qarnigii 20-aadMagaalooyinka biyaha kulul ilaa shaashadaha
Roulette waxay u safartay Las Vegas iyadoo laba-eberka dib loo celiyay, kadibna miisaska RNG ee online-ka 1990-meeyadii iyo giraangirada istuudiyaha ee si toos ah loo baahiyo 2000-meeyadii.
Roulette Yurub iyo Roulette Mareykan - 1990-meeyadii
Qoyska García-Pelayo waxay ka faa'iidaysteen giraangiro janjeera oo u dhow Madrid; waa laga mamnuucay; maxkamadduhu waxay buriyeen mamnuucidda (2004).
Gonzalo García-Pelayo: Nidaamka Roulette - 1996
Kasiinooyinkii online-ka ahaa ee ugu horreeyay oo leh roulette RNG.
Roulette Toos ah iyo Roulette RNG - 2003–06
Roulette dealer toos ah oo laga sii daayo istuudiyeyaal; Riga iyo Malta waxay noqdeen xarumo.
Sida Roulette Toos ahi U Shaqeyso - 2004
Kooxda Ritz waxay ku guuleysteen £1.3m iyagoo saadaaliyay kubbadda; laser la sheegay lama helin; eedeyn ma jirin.
Ciyaarta Faa'iido-raadinta ee Roulette - 2005
Sharciga Khamaarka UK: ruqsad dhammaystiran oo khamaarka fogaanta ah.
Roulette ee Boqortooyada Ingiriiska - 2012
Small iyo Tse waxay daabaceen fiisigiska saadaalinta roulette.
Fiisigiska Giraangirta Roulette - 2013
New Jersey waxay bilowday kasiinooyin online ah oo la nidaamiyay.
Roulette ee Mareykanka - 2016
Roulette saddex-eber ah oo Las Vegas Strip ah.
Roulette Saddex Eber - 2018
Mamnuucidda federaalka ee sharadka ciyaaraha ee Mareykanka waa la buriyay; gobolladu waxay sameeyaan sharciyo.
- 2021
Jarmalka iyo Netherlands waxay ruqsad siiyeen ciyaaraha kasiinada online-ka.
Roulette ee Yurub - 2026
Goobtan: taariikh kasta oo kor ku xusan, iyo xisaabteeda.
Xariiqda kaliya ee muhiimka ah
Laba qarni iyo bar gudahood odds-ka roulette waxay hal mar u beddeleen ciyaartoyga dantiisa (1843, hal eber ayaa laga saaray) iyo laba jeer ka soo horjeeda (gorgorka 1800-meeyadii, saddex-eberka 2016). Wax kasta oo kale, nidaamyada, kombiyuutarrada, istuudiyeyaasha, nalalka, xisaabta waxay uga tageen meeshii Lablée ka helay: 36/n − 1 marka giraangirtu leedahay hal god oo ka badan intaas.
Su'aalo
Tan Pascal. Tijaabooyinka giraangirta waa run; xiriirka roulette waa dhaqan la isku sheego.
Qarnigii 19-aad; habka Yurub ee maanta la isticmaalo wuxuu caadi ahaa xilligii Monte Carlo.
Malaha mid nidaamin ah. Giraangirtu way dhammaatay.
Kaftan yar
Laba qarni iyo bar, hal horumar, laba dib-u-dhac, sheekooyin badan.
Ilaha
- Schwartz, D. G. Roll the Bones: The History of Gambling.
- Kavanagh, T. M. Dice, Cards, Wheels: A Different History of French Culture.
- Bass, T. A. The Eudaemonic Pie.
- Thorp, E. O. “Optimal gambling systems for favorable games.”
- Chellel, K. “The Gambler Who Beat Roulette.”
- Shelley, R. Roulette Wheel Study.